Which of the following does NOT require independent circuitry?

Microwaves typically do not require independent circuitry. This is largely because they are often designed to be plugged into standard electrical outlets, which can share existing circuits with other appliances. Most residential kitchens have outlets that are equipped to handle the power needs of microwaves, which can make their installation more flexible in terms of electrical requirements.

In contrast, ranges, heaters, and pumps generally have higher electrical requirements and therefore often necessitate dedicated circuits to ensure safe and efficient operation. These appliances can draw significant current, and using them on shared circuits can lead to circuit overloads, posing potential safety hazards. By having independent circuitry, the risk of tripping breakers or causing electrical fires is minimized, which is critical for high-power appliances.