What is the proper type of pipe fitting for a sharp turn in plumbing?

For a sharp turn in plumbing, the most appropriate pipe fitting is the 90° elbow. This fitting is specifically designed to allow pipes to change direction by a right angle, effectively facilitating efficient flow in systems where space is limited or where the plumbing requires a sudden redirection.

The 90° elbow helps to maintain the integrity and efficiency of the plumbing system by providing a smooth curve for the flow of water, reducing the potential for turbulence and pressure drops that can occur with more abrupt changes in direction. This fitting is commonly used in various applications, from residential plumbing to industrial piping systems.

In contrast, the 45° elbow is utilized for more gradual turns, which can be advantageous in situations where space allows for less sharp transitions, but it does not provide the tight turn that is sometimes necessary. Couplings are fittings used to connect two lengths of pipe together in a straight line rather than allowing for a turn. Nipples, which are short lengths of pipe with threads on both ends, are used to connect two female-threaded fittings but do not serve the purpose of creating directional changes. Thus, the 90° elbow is the fitting that best meets the requirement for sharp turns in plumbing configurations.